Merge pull request #146 from bluetooth-mdw/master
UART blocks plus pairing documentation and updated hints section
This commit is contained in:
Peli de Halleux
GitHub
commit
660b22b398
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@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
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# Bluetooth Pairing
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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### What is 'pairing'?
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'Pairing' is what you have to do to have your micro:bit trust another device like a smartphone and similarly, have your smartphone trust your micro:bit. Why 'trust'? Well, pairing is all about security. You wouldn't usually want just anyone's smartphone connecting to your micro:bit and making it do things so by pairing *your* smartphone with *your* micro:bit you ensure that only your devices can talk to each other.
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Once you've paired your micro:bit with another device it also means that they are able to exchange information privately, without someone else being able to "see" the data they're exchanging over the air using Bluetooth. This is accomplished by data being [encrypted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encryption) and pairing makes it possible for devices who trust each other to encrypt and decrypt data from each other.
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# How do you pair your micro:bit with another device?
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Making your micro:bit pair requires you to follow some simple steps which will be described shortly. What you do with the device you're pairing it to will vary slightly depending on what that device is. We'll look at how it's done with common smartphones and tablets here too.
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To get your micro:bit ready for pairing do the following:
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1. Hold down buttons A and B on the front of your micro:bit together. The front is the side with two buttons and the LED display. Keep the two buttons held down. Don't let go of them yet!
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2. While still holding down buttons A and B, press and then release the reset button on the back of the micro:bit. Keep holding down buttons A and B.
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3. You should see "PAIRING MODE!" start to scroll across the micro:bit display. When you see this message start to appear you can release buttons A and B.
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4. Eventually you'll see a strange pattern on your micro:bit display. This is like your micro:bit's signature. Other people's micro:bits will probably display a different pattern.
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Your micro:bit is now ready to be paired with the other device. Read the section below which relates to your 'other' device and watch the video too.
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### How do you pair your micro:bit with a Windows smartphone or tablet?
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1. Go into Settings
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2. Select Bluetooth
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3. Switch your micro:bit into 'pairing mode' using the steps above
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4. Wait until 'PAIRING MODE!' has finished scrolling across the micro:bit display. You should see your micro:bit listed on your Windows smartphone with a name something like 'BBC micro:bit [zatig]'. Note that the 5 characters in brackets at the end will vary.
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5. On the Windows smartphone, tap the micro:bit named in the device list. This will initiate the pairing process.
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6. The micro:bit will display a left pointing arrow and the Windows smartphone will pop up a box into which you will be invited to enter a "pin" (Personal Identity Number).
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7. Press button A on the micro:bit and watch carefully as the micro:bit displays a sequence of 6 random numbers. You may find it easier to write them down than to remember them.
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8. Enter the 6 digits which the micro:bit displayed into your Windows smartphone in the pop-up box provided and then select "done".
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9. If you entered the right number the micro:bit will display a tick / check mark. If you made a mistake it will display a cross or X and you should repeat the process to try again.
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#### Video
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AoW3mit7jIg
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### How do you pair your micro:bit with an Android smartphone or tablet?
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1. Go into Settings
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2. Select Bluetooth
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3. Switch your micro:bit into 'pairing mode' using the steps above
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4. Wait until 'PAIRING MODE!' has finished scrolling across the micro:bit display. You should see your micro:bit listed on your Android smartphone under the heading "Available devices" with a name something like 'BBC micro:bit [zatig]'. Note that the 5 characters in brackets at the end will vary.
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5. On the Android smartphone, tap the micro:bit named in the Available devices list. This will initiate the pairing process.
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6. The micro:bit will display a left pointing arrow and the Android smartphone will pop up a box into which you will be invited to enter a "pin" (Personal Identity Number).
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7. Press button A on the micro:bit and watch carefully as the micro:bit displays a sequence of 6 random numbers. You may find it easier to write them down than to remember them.
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8. Enter the 6 digits which the micro:bit displayed into your Android smartphone in the pop-up box provided and then select "done".
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9. If you entered the right number the micro:bit will display a tick / check mark. If you made a mistake it will display a cross or X and you should repeat the process to try again.
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#### Video
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7hLBfdAGkZI
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### How do you pair your micro:bit with an Apple iOS smartphone or tablet?
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The steps to pair with an Apple iOS device are different to those followed for an Android or Windows device. To trigger pairing you need an application which will try to interact with your micro:bit and it's that interaction that triggers the iOS pairing process. There are many you could use but for the purposes of this documentation we'll suggest you install the "nRF Master Control Panel" (nRF MCP) application from Nordic Semiconductor. You'll find it in the Apple app store. It's a really useful Bluetooth application which will help you learn about Bluetooth as well as it having the ability to trigger the pairing process. After installing nRF MCP you should follow these steps to pair with your micro:bit:
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1. Switch your micro:bit into 'pairing mode' using the steps above
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2. Wait until 'PAIRING MODE!' has finished scrolling across the micro:bit display.
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3. Launch the nRF MCP application. Your micro:bit should be listed and have a "Connect" button next to it.
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4. Select "Connect" to connect your Apple device to the micro:bit. This will trigger the pairing process.
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5. The micro:bit will display a left pointing arrow and the Apple device will pop up a box into which you will be invited to enter a "pin" (Personal Identity Number).
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6. Press button A on the micro:bit and watch carefully as the micro:bit displays a sequence of 6 random numbers. You may find it easier to write them down than to remember them.
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7. Enter the 6 digits which the micro:bit displayed into your Apple device in the pop-up box provided and then select "Pair".
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8. If you entered the right number the micro:bit will display a tick / check mark. If you made a mistake it will display a cross or X and you should repeat the process to try again.
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#### Video
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wslwyAMwMhs
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### How often do I need to pair my micro:bit with my phone?
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You do *not* need to pair your micro:bit and smartphone or tablet every time you use them together. Pairing establishes 'trust' which will be retained until it is somehow lost. When another device wants to talk to your micro:bit it must connect to it but connecting and pairing are not the same thing.
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There are circumstances which will result in pairing data being lost however and when this happens you will need to pair again.
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Currently, flashing new code via a USB cable causes the micro:bit's Bluetooth pairing data to be lost. Consequently, if you do flash new code to your micro:bit using a USB cable you will need to pair again.
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In contrast if you upload new code to your micro:bit over Bluetooth, using for example the Samsung micro:bit application for Android devices, you will not need to pair again.
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If you do find yourself needing to pair again you will first need to remove the pairing from your other device (i.e. smartphone or tablet):
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* On Android go into Settings/Bluetooth, select the 'cog' next to your micro:bit and then select FORGET
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* On iOS go into Settings/Bluetooth, select your micro:bit and then select Forget This Device
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* On a Windows device go into Settings/Bluetooth. Press and hold the micro:bit entry on the Windows device. A pop-up will appear with the option "delete". Select "delete" to unpair your micro:bit.
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### See also
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[Bluetooth SIG](https://www.bluetooth.com), [Bluetooth on micro:bit resources](http://bluetooth-mdw.blogspot.co.uk/p/bbc-microbit.html)
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```package
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microbit-bluetooth
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```
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first connect to the micro:bit.
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first connect to the micro:bit.
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first connect to the micro:bit.
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ bluetooth.startAccelerometerService();
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### Video - Accelerometer service demo - Starts at 0:18
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aep_GVowKfs
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aep_GVowKfs#t=18s
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### Advanced
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first connect to the micro:bit.
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first connect to the micro:bit.
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first connect to the micro:bit.
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first connect to the micro:bit.
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first connect to the micro:bit.
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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# Bluetooth UART Service
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
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### ~
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The Bluetooth UART service allows another device such as a smartphone to exchange any data it wants to with the micro:bit, in small chunks which are intended to be joined together. [UART[(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_asynchronous_receiver/transmitter) stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter and is one way in which serial data communications can be performed, usually between two devices connected by a physical, wired connection. The Bluetooth UART service emulates the behaviour of a physical UART system and allows the exchange of a maximum of 20 bytes of data at a time in either direction.
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When this service is used, the micro:bit sets up a 60 byte buffer and data it receives will be accumulated in the buffer until it is full. When using the UART service from your micro:bit code, you can indicate a special character which will be used to mean that the entire message in at most three chunks has now been sent by the other, connected device, at which point the micro:bit will release the entire contents of its buffer to any code trying to read it. In other words this special character, known as a 'delimiter' is used by the device connected to the micro:bit to mean "I've sent my whole message, you can now use it".
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You could use the UART service for many things. It doesn't care what you put in messages which makes it very flexible. You could create a guessing game, with questions and answers passing between micro:bit and a smartphone or you could connect a camera to the micro:bit and transmit image data obtained from the edge connector, in chunks over Bluetooth to a smartphone. There are a great many possibilities.
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To use the Bluetooth UART service from another device you'll need additional micro:bit code which reads and uses data from the UART buffer and / or writes data to the buffer for transmission over Bluetooth to another device.
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```sig
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bluetooth.startUartService();
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```
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### Example: Starting the Bluetooth UART service
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The following code shows the Bluetooth UART service being started:
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```blocks
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bluetooth.startUartService();
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```
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### Video - UART service guessing game
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgGeWddMAZ0
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### Advanced
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For more advanced information on the micro:bit Bluetooth UART service including information on using a smartphone, see the [Lancaster University micro:bit runtime technical documentation](http://lancaster-university.github.io/microbit-docs/ble/uart-service/)
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### See also
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[Bluetooth SIG](https://www.bluetooth.com), [Bluetooth on micro:bit resources](http://bluetooth-mdw.blogspot.co.uk/p/bbc-microbit.html)
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```package
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microbit-bluetooth
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```
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# UART Read
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### ~hint
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
|
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### ~
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The [Bluetooth UART service](start-uart-service.md) allows another device such as a smartphone to exchange any data it wants to with the micro:bit, in small chunks.
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With the Bluetooth UART service running, this block allows a micro:bit to read data which has been received from a Bluetooth connected device, terminating reading and returning the value obtained as soon as a specified delimiter character is encountered. This means that connected devices can send data to the micro:bit and indicate that the complete message has been sent by appending the message with the delimiter character.
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```sig
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bluetooth.uartRead("");
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```
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### Example: Starting the Bluetooth UART service and then reading data received from another device which is terminated by ":" character and then displaying it
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```blocks
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let uart_data: string = "";
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let connected = 0;
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basic.showString("UART");
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bluetooth.startUartService();
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bluetooth.onBluetoothConnected(() => {
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basic.showString("C");
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connected = 1;
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while (connected == 1) {
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uart_data = bluetooth.uartRead(":");
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basic.showString(uart_data);
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}
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});
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bluetooth.onBluetoothDisconnected(() => {
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basic.showString("D");
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});
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```
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### Video - UART service guessing game
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgGeWddMAZ0
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### Advanced
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For more advanced information on the micro:bit Bluetooth UART service including information on using a smartphone, see the [Lancaster University micro:bit runtime technical documentation](http://lancaster-university.github.io/microbit-docs/ble/uart-service/)
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### See also
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[Bluetooth SIG](https://www.bluetooth.com), [Bluetooth on micro:bit resources](http://bluetooth-mdw.blogspot.co.uk/p/bbc-microbit.html)
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```package
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microbit-bluetooth
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```
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# UART Write
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### ~hint
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|
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|
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For another device like a smartphone to use any of the Bluetooth "services" which the micro:bit has, it must first be [paired with the micro:bit](/reference/bluetooth/bluetooth-pairing). Once paired, the other device may connect to the micro:bit and exchange data relating to many of the micro:bit's features.
|
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### ~
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The [Bluetooth UART service](start-uart-service.md) allows another device such as a smartphone to exchange any data it wants to with the micro:bit, in small chunks.
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With the Bluetooth UART service running, this block allows a micro:bit to send data to a Bluetooth connected device.
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```sig
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bluetooth.uartWrite("");
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```
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### Example: Starting the Bluetooth UART service and then sending "HELLO" whenever button A is pressed and another device has connected over Bluetooth
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```blocks
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let connected = 0;
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bluetooth.onBluetoothConnected(() => {
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basic.showString("C");
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connected = 1;
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});
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bluetooth.onBluetoothDisconnected(() => {
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basic.showString("D");
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connected = 0;
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});
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bluetooth.startUartService();
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input.onButtonPressed(Button.A, () => {
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if (connected == 1) {
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bluetooth.uartWrite("HELLO");
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}
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});
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```
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### Video - UART service guessing game
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgGeWddMAZ0
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||||
### Advanced
|
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For more advanced information on the micro:bit Bluetooth UART service including information on using a smartphone, see the [Lancaster University micro:bit runtime technical documentation](http://lancaster-university.github.io/microbit-docs/ble/uart-service/)
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### See also
|
||||
|
||||
[Bluetooth SIG](https://www.bluetooth.com), [Bluetooth on micro:bit resources](http://bluetooth-mdw.blogspot.co.uk/p/bbc-microbit.html)
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||||
|
||||
```package
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||||
microbit-bluetooth
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||||
```
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@ -1,8 +1,26 @@
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#include "pxt.h"
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#include "MESEvents.h"
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#include "MicroBitUARTService.h"
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MicroBitUARTService *uart;
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using namespace pxt;
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enum Delimiters {
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//% block="new line"
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NewLine = 1,
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//% block=","
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Comma = 2,
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//% block="$"
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Dollar = 3,
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//% block=":"
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Colon = 4,
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//% block="."
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Fullstop = 5,
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//% block="#"
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Hash = 6,
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||||
};
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||||
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||||
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/**
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||||
* Support for additional Bluetooth services.
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||||
*/
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||||
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@ -61,8 +79,39 @@ namespace bluetooth {
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|||
void startButtonService() {
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||||
new MicroBitButtonService(*uBit.ble);
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||||
}
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||||
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||||
/**
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||||
* Starts the Bluetooth UART service
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||||
*/
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||||
//% help=bluetooth/start-uart-service
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||||
//% blockId=bluetooth_start_uart_service block="bluetooth uart service" blockGap=8
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||||
|
||||
void startUartService() {
|
||||
// 61 octet buffer size is 3 x (MTU - 3) + 1
|
||||
// MTU on nRF51822 is 23 octets. 3 are used by Attribute Protocol header data leaving 20 octets for payload
|
||||
// So we allow a RX buffer that can contain 3 x max length messages plus one octet for a terminator character
|
||||
uart = new MicroBitUARTService(*uBit.ble, 61, 60);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Writes to the Bluetooth UART service buffer. From there the data is transmitted over Bluetooth to a connected device.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
//% help=bluetooth/uart-write
|
||||
//% blockId=bluetooth_uart_write block="bluetooth uart write %data" blockGap=8
|
||||
void uartWrite(StringData *data) {
|
||||
uart->send(ManagedString(data));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Reads from the Bluetooth UART service buffer, returning its contents when the specified delimiter character is encountered.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
//% help=bluetooth/uart-read
|
||||
//% blockId=bluetooth_uart_read block="bluetooth uart read %del" blockGap=8
|
||||
StringData* uartRead(StringData *del) {
|
||||
return uart->readUntil(ManagedString(del)).leakData();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Register code to run when the micro:bit is connected to over Bluetooth
|
||||
* @param body Code to run when a Bluetooth connection is established
|
||||
*/
|
||||
|
|
@ -83,4 +132,4 @@ namespace bluetooth {
|
|||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
|||
//% blockId="delimiter_conv" block="%del"
|
||||
export function delimiters(del : Delimiters) : string {
|
||||
switch(del) {
|
||||
case Delimiters.NewLine: return "\n";
|
||||
case Delimiters.Comma: return ",";
|
||||
case Delimiters.Dollar: return "$";
|
||||
case Delimiters.Colon: return ":";
|
||||
case Delimiters.Fullstop: return ".";
|
||||
case Delimiters.Hash: return "#";
|
||||
default: return "\n";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
|
|||
// Auto-generated. Do not edit.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
declare enum Delimiters {
|
||||
//% block="new line"
|
||||
NewLine = 1,
|
||||
//% block=","
|
||||
Comma = 2,
|
||||
//% block="$"
|
||||
Dollar = 3,
|
||||
//% block=":"
|
||||
Colon = 4,
|
||||
//% block="."
|
||||
Fullstop = 5,
|
||||
//% block="#"
|
||||
Hash = 6,
|
||||
}
|
||||
declare namespace bluetooth {
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
|
|||
"open": 0,
|
||||
"whitelist": 1,
|
||||
"advertising_timeout": 0,
|
||||
"tx_power": 0,
|
||||
"tx_power": 6,
|
||||
"dfu_service": 1,
|
||||
"event_service": 1,
|
||||
"device_info_service": 1
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -49,6 +49,27 @@ declare namespace bluetooth {
|
|||
//% blockId=bluetooth_start_button_service block="bluetooth button service" blockGap=8 shim=bluetooth::startButtonService
|
||||
function startButtonService(): void;
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Starts the Bluetooth UART service
|
||||
*/
|
||||
//% help=bluetooth/start-uart-service
|
||||
//% blockId=bluetooth_start_uart_service block="bluetooth uart service" blockGap=8 shim=bluetooth::startUartService
|
||||
function startUartService(): void;
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Writes to the Bluetooth UART service buffer. From there the data is transmitted over Bluetooth to a connected device.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
//% help=bluetooth/uart-write
|
||||
//% blockId=bluetooth_uart_write block="bluetooth uart write %data" blockGap=8 shim=bluetooth::uartWrite
|
||||
function uartWrite(data: string): void;
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Reads from the Bluetooth UART service buffer, returning its contents when the specified delimiter character is encountered.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
//% help=bluetooth/uart-read
|
||||
//% blockId=bluetooth_uart_read block="bluetooth uart read %del" blockGap=8 shim=bluetooth::uartRead
|
||||
function uartRead(del: string): string;
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Register code to run when the micro:bit is connected to over Bluetooth
|
||||
* @param body Code to run when a Bluetooth connection is established
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -29,6 +29,6 @@
|
|||
"typescript": "^1.8.7"
|
||||
},
|
||||
"dependencies": {
|
||||
"pxt-core": "0.2.187"
|
||||
"pxt-core": "0.2.179"
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue