Add 'soil moisture' lesson to science exp (#656)

* Add 'soil moisture' lesson to science exp

* Remove link out to worksheet.

docs/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture.md

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+# Soil Moisture Tester
+
+![Moisture meter testing soil](/static/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/moisture-meter-zoom.jpg)
+
+Not only does water flow across the ground and into soil, water also moves through the living organisms. Plants soak up large amounts of water through their roots. The water then moves up the plant and evaporates from the leaves in a process called transpiration. This project uses electricity to measure how dry soil has become because of evaporation and transpiration.
+
+## Contents
+
+* [Overview](/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/overview)
+* [Setup and procedure](/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/setup-procedure)
+* [Resources](/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/resources)
+
+<br/>
+
+| | | |
+|-|-|-|
+| Adapted from "[Soil Moisture Tester](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Rv4oPoxrggbokczbroQUl-10py3_5fQjVxOvwHR_5I4)" by [C Lyman](http://utahcoding.org) | | [![CC BY-NC-SA](https://licensebuttons.net/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/80x15.png)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) |

docs/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/overview.md

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+# Overview
+
+## Science Concept
+
+### Soil, Moisture, Ecosystems, Electricity, and Analog vs Digital
+
+Water also moves through the living organisms. Plants soak up large amounts of water through their roots. The water then moves up the plant and evaporates from the leaves in a process called transpiration. Another name for transpiration is evapotranspiration. The process of transpiration, like evaporation, returns water back into the atmosphere ([ck12.org - Processes of the Water Cycle](https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Earth-Science-Concepts-For-Middle-School/section/6.3/)). This project uses electricity to measure how dry soil has become because of evaporation and transpiration.
+
+![Moisture meter testing soil](/static/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/moisture-meter-plant.jpg)
+
+## Project Goal
+
+Give students real world experience with coding, collecting data, analyzing data, and reporting results using [MakeCode’s](https://makecode.com) block programming and a [micro:bit](http://microbit.org) with its sensors.
+
+## Prior Knowledge
+
+Students need to have a basic knowledge of how to code using block style programming (micro:bit using the Windows 10 MakeCode app) and download a program to a micro:bit.
+
+## Student Outcomes
+
+Students will:
+
+* create experiments to collect data using microbits and reading the voltage on pin(0). 
+* setup different experiments to observe the moisture in soil.
+* analyze the data collected.
+* report on the experiment and the data collected.  
+
+## Materials Needed
+
+* 1 @boardname@ with batteries connected
+* Wires to make or connect to soil probes
+* Spreadsheet for data analysis
+* Word processor for reporting results
+
+<br/>
+
+| | | |
+|-|-|-|
+| Adapted from "[Soil Moisture Tester](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Rv4oPoxrggbokczbroQUl-10py3_5fQjVxOvwHR_5I4)" by [C Lyman](http://utahcoding.org) | | [![CC BY-NC-SA](https://licensebuttons.net/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/80x15.png)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) |

docs/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/resources.md

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+# Resources
+
+## CSTA Standards
+
+Computer Science Teachers Association (CSTA) Standards 2017.
+
+http://www.csteachers.org/page/standards.
+
+### Level 2 (Grades 6-8)
+
+#### Computing Systems
+* 02 — Design projects that combine hardware and software components to collect and exchange data.
+* 03 — Systematically identify and fix problems with computing devices and their components.
+
+### Data and Analysis
+
+* 07 — Represent data using multiple encoding schemes.
+* 08 — Collect data using computational tools and transform the data to make it more useful and reliable.
+* 09  — Refine computational models based on the data they have generated.
+
+#### Algorithms & Programming
+
+* 12 — Design and iteratively develop programs that combine control structures, including nested loops and compound conditionals.
+* 13 — Decompose problems and subproblems into parts to facilitate the design, implementation, and review of programs.
+* 17 — Systematically test and refine programs using a range of test cases.
+* 19 — Document programs in order to make them easier to follow, test, and debug.
+
+## Utah Science with Engineering Education (SEEd)
+
+* [Utah Science Website](https://schools.utah.gov/curr/science)
+* [Utah Grades 6-8 SEEd Standards](https://schools.utah.gov/file/265a0b53-b6a7-48fb-b253-b6a5f38ffe19)
+* [Sixth grade OER Science text](https://eq.uen.org/emedia/items/dae58176-b839-4b26-87e4-09ca5ed98875/1/Grade6RS.pdf)
+* [Seventh grade OER Science text](https://eq.uen.org/emedia/items/afd89ff1-054c-4ac5-a712-67f4c6029644/1/Grade7RS.pdf)
+* [Eighth grade OER Science text](https://eq.uen.org/emedia/items/e5219302-32b9-4c2f-ad65-38f303da6654/1/Grade8RS.pdf)
+
+## NGSS - Utah SEEd
+
+### Strand 6.4: Stability and Change in Ecosystems
+
+The study of ecosystems includes the interaction of organisms with each other and with the physical environment. ... ecosystems benefit humans through processes and resources, such as the production of food, **water** and air purification...
+
+* Standard 6.4.1
+
+>Analyze data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations in an ecosystem. Ask questions to predict how changes in resource availability affects organisms in those ecosystems. Examples could include **water**, food, and living space in Utah environments.
+
+* Standard 6.4.5
+
+>Evaluate competing design solutions for preserving ecosystem services ...resources specific to Utah, such as air and **water quality** and prevention of **soil erosion**.
+
+### Strand 7.1: Forces are Interactions between Matter
+
+* Standard 7.1.3
+
+>Construct a model using ...the cause and effect **relationship between properties** of objects (such as ...**electrically-charged objects**)....
+
+* Standard 7.1.4
+
+>Collect and analyze data to determine the factors that affect the **strength of electric** ... **forces**...
+
+### Strand 8.2: Energy is Stored and Transferred in Physical Systems
+
+* Standard 8.2.6
+
+>Obtain and evaluate information to communicate the claim that the structure of **digital signals are a more reliable** way to store or transmit information than **analog signals**. Emphasize the basic understanding that waves can be used for communication purposes. Examples could include using vinyl record vs. digital song files, film cameras vs. digital cameras, or alcohol thermometers vs. digital thermometers.
+
+## micro:bit
+
+* [Microbit.org](http://microbit.org)
+* [MakeCode.com](https://makecode.com)
+* [Utah Coding Project](http://utahcoding.org)
+* [Blog entry on Windows 10 MakeCode app](https://sites.google.com/view/utahcodingproject/blog/2018-jan-makecode-app)
+
+<br/>
+
+| | | |
+|-|-|-|
+| Adapted from "[Soil Moisture Tester](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Rv4oPoxrggbokczbroQUl-10py3_5fQjVxOvwHR_5I4)" by [C Lyman](http://utahcoding.org) | | [![CC BY-NC-SA](https://licensebuttons.net/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/80x15.png)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) |

docs/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/setup-procedure.md

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+# Setup and procedure
+
+## Setup
+
+1. Plan and design the experiments.
+2. Plan and design data collection documents.
+3. Program the @boardname@s.
+4. Experiment with different data collection scenarios.
+5. Add enhancements to the program and project.
+
+## Background
+
+This project will use 2 pins on the @boardname@ to measure the voltage between the **3V** pin and the pin **0** as the current travels through the soil. Wires or alligator clips are used to connect to the @boardname@. In the soil nails or larger wires are used as probes in the soil. The nutrients along with the moisture in the soil will allow an electrical current to travel through the soil. The more moisture in the soil the greater the voltage that is measured. Wet soil should have a reading around `1000` on a scale of 0 - 1024. Dry soil will give a reading of around `250`. 
+
+![Connect soil probe to micro:bit pins](/static/courses/ucp-science/soil-moisture/microbit-meter-connect.jpg)
+
+The @boardname@ has a analog to digital converter (ADC). This allows the microbit to read the analog voltage that is sent from the battery power supply (3 volts) through the soil. When the value is received it is converted to a digital value between 0-1024. This can allow the programmer to write the program to make decisions based on the reading returned to the display.
+
+## Code
+
+This project will use a @boardname@ to collect data using the voltage that can be passed through a soil sample.
+
+### on Start event code
+
+1. Open [MakeCode](@homerurl@).
+2. Change the name of the project from “Untitled” to "Soil Moisture Tester".
+3. Place the show string block in the on start block and put the title ``"SOIL MOISTURE TESTER"`` in the quotes. 
+4. Check the display in the Simulator.
+
+## on Button "A" pressed code
+
+1. From the ``||input:Input||`` toolbox add an ``||input:on button "A" pressed||`` block to the code. 
+2. From the ``||basic:Basic||`` toolbox add a ``||basic:show number||`` block.
+3. From the ``||pins:Pins||`` toolbox add an ``||analog read pin P0||`` block to the end of the the ``||basic:show number||`` block. 
+4. This will allow the soil moisture to be tested when the **A** button is pressed.
+5. Check the display in the Simulator.
+6. Download the project and copy it to the **MICROBIT** drive.
+ 
+```blocks
+// Soil Moisture Tester
+basic.showString("SOIL MOISTURE TESTER")
+// The analog read will return a value of the voltage
+// between the 3v pin and the P0. Values will range
+// from 0-1024.
+input.onButtonPressed(Button.A, () => {
+   basic.showNumber(pins.analogReadPin(AnalogPin.P0))
+})
+```
+
+## Project Testing
+
+1. Connect the alligator clips or wires to pin **0** and **3V**. Clip nails or heavy wires to the other ends of the clips to create the probes.
+2. Place the probes in the soil and press the **A** button and read the output on the LED screen.
+3. Test different soils and record the readings.
+4. Check to make sure it works on the @boardname@.
+5. Share the project by clicking the **Share** button at the top of the editor window.
+6. Report on the findings from the experiment.
+
+## ~hint
+
+This experiment is modified from the [Soil Moisture](https://makecode.microbit.org/projects/soil-moisture) project.
+
+## ~
+
+## Data Collection
+
+Collect data from several different types of soil and moisture amounts and record it on the Data Collection sheet. Make modifications to the experiment and code as needed. Create a report to share your findings from the experiment.
+
+## Extensions
+
+### Conditional Responses
+
+A conditional statements that would return messages based on the reading received from the probes. 
+
+```
+if (condition) then
+    display (“WET”)
+else if (second condition)
+    display (“MOIST”)
+    else
+Display (“DRY”)
+```
+
+### Dry Soil Sound Warning
+
+Add code that would sound an alarm (play music) if the soil dries out below a certain point. The microbit could be left in a pot of soil with plants. It could be programmed to only sample the moisture every hour or so and then play the alarm when it is dry. This would help conserve the battery on the microbit.
+
+<br/>
+
+| | | |
+|-|-|-|
+| Adapted from "[Soil Moisture Tester](https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Rv4oPoxrggbokczbroQUl-10py3_5fQjVxOvwHR_5I4)" by [C Lyman](http://utahcoding.org) | | [![CC BY-NC-SA](https://licensebuttons.net/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/80x15.png)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) |