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@ -1,75 +1,15 @@
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# JavaScript
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You can write micro:bit programs in a subset of [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org), a superset of JavaScript.
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Many micro:bit programs, especially at the beginner's level, are just plain JavaScript. TypeScript introduces class-based
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object-oriented programming, such as:
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If you already know some JavaScript, you might be interested in [the JavaScript and TypeScript languages](/js/lang).
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Otherwise, visit the cards below to starting programming JavaScript with the micro:bit:
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```typescript
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class Greeter {
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greeting: string;
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constructor(message: string) {
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this.greeting = message;
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}
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greet() {
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return "Hello, " + this.greeting;
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}
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```codecard
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[{
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"name": "Calling Functions",
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"url":"/js/call.md"
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},{
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"name": "Sequencing Commands",
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"url":"/js/sequence.md"
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}
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let greeter = new Greeter("world");
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basic.showString(greeter.greet())
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```
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This site is meant for teaching programming first, and JavaScript second. For this
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reason, we have stayed away from concepts that are specific to JavaScript (for
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example, prototype inheritance), and instead focused on ones common to most
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modern programming languages (for example, loops, lexically scoped variables,
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functions, classes, lambdas).
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We leverage TypeScript's [type inference](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-inference.html) so that
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students need not specify types when clear from context.
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## Supported language features
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* top-level code in the file: "Hello world!" really is just `basic.showString("Hello world!")`
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* [basic types](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/basic-types.html)
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* [variable declarations](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/variable-declarations.html): `let`, `const`, and `var`
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* [functions](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/functions.html) with lexical scoping and recursion
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### User-defined types and modules
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* [classes](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/classes.html) with fields, methods and constructors; `new` keyword
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* [enums](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/enums.html)
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* [namespaces](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces.html) (a form of modules)
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### Control-flow constructs
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* `if ... else if ... else` statements
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* `while` and `do ... while` loops
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* `for(;;)` loops (see below about `for ... in/of`)
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* `break/continue`; also with labeled loops
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* `switch` statement (on numbers only)
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* `debugger` statement for breakpoints
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### Expressions
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* conditional operator `? :`; lazy boolean operators
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* all arithmetic operators (including bitwise operators); note that in microcontroller targets
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all arithmetic is performed on integers, also when simulating in the browser
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* strings (with a few common methods)
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* [string templates](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Template_literals) (`` `x is ${x}` ``)
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* arrow functions `() => ...`
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* array literals `[1, 2, 3]`
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## Unsupported language features
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We generally stay away from the more dynamic parts of JavaScript.
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Things you may miss and we may implement:
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* exceptions (`throw`, `try ... catch`, `try ... finally`)
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* `for ... of` statements
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* object literals `{ foo: 1, bar: "two" }`
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* method-like properties (get/set accessors)
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* class inheritance
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If there is something you'd like to see, please file an issue at [GitHub](http://github.com/microsoft/pxt/issues).
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]
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```
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@ -15,44 +15,40 @@ followed by `.`; a list of all the functions will appear.
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Continue typing to select one of the functions, or click on one of the functions
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to select. You also narrow down the set of functions by typing, as below:
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We call this feature "Intellisense". Continue typing to select one of the functions,
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or click on one of the functions to select. You also narrow down the set of functions by typing, as below:
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# Function parameters
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## Function parameter values
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You might have noticed that the call `showString` above takes one value,
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You might have noticed that the call `showString` above takes one parameter value,
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the string to be scrolled on the LED screen. There is a second (optional)
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parameter that controls the speed of the the scroll. Try this:
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parameter that controls the speed of the scroll. Try this:
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```typescript
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basic.showString("Hello!",50)
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```
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You might have noticed that the function list above shows all
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the available parameters for each function.
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Intellisense shows all the available parameters for a function.
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## Left and right parentheses, please!
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Whenever you want to call a function, you give the name of the function
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followed by `(` and ending with `)`. Inbetween the left and right
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parentheses go the function arguments. If a function has zero arguments, you still
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need the parentheses in order to call the function. For example
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```typescript
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basic.showString("Hello!")
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basic.showLeds(`
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. # . # .
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. . . . .
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. . # . .
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# . . . #
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. # # # .
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`)
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basic.pause(1000)
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basic.clearScreen()
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basic.showString("Goodbye!")
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basic.showLeds(`
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. # . # .
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. . . . .
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. . . . .
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. # # # .
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# . . . #
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`)
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basic.pause(1000)
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basic.clearScreen()
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```
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```
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It's a syntax error to have a left parenthesis without the "closing" right parenthesis:
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```typescript
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basic.clearScreen(
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```
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### ~button /js/sequence
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NEXT: Sequencing Commands
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### ~
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75
docs/js/lang.md
Normal file
75
docs/js/lang.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
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# JavaScript and TypeScript
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You can write micro:bit programs in a subset of [TypeScript](https://www.typescriptlang.org), a superset of JavaScript.
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Many micro:bit programs, especially at the beginner's level, are just plain JavaScript. TypeScript introduces class-based
|
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object-oriented programming, such as:
|
||||
|
||||
```typescript
|
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class Greeter {
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greeting: string;
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constructor(message: string) {
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this.greeting = message;
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}
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greet() {
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return "Hello, " + this.greeting;
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}
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}
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let greeter = new Greeter("world");
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basic.showString(greeter.greet())
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```
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This site is meant for teaching programming first, and JavaScript second. For this
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reason, we have stayed away from concepts that are specific to JavaScript (for
|
||||
example, prototype inheritance), and instead focused on ones common to most
|
||||
modern programming languages (for example, loops, lexically scoped variables,
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||||
functions, classes, lambdas).
|
||||
|
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We leverage TypeScript's [type inference](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/type-inference.html) so that
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students need not specify types when clear from context.
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||||
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## Supported language features
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* top-level code in the file: "Hello world!" really is just `basic.showString("Hello world!")`
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* [basic types](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/basic-types.html)
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* [variable declarations](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/variable-declarations.html): `let`, `const`, and `var`
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* [functions](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/functions.html) with lexical scoping and recursion
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|
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### User-defined types and modules
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* [classes](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/classes.html) with fields, methods and constructors; `new` keyword
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* [enums](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/enums.html)
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* [namespaces](http://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/namespaces.html) (a form of modules)
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### Control-flow constructs
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* `if ... else if ... else` statements
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* `while` and `do ... while` loops
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* `for(;;)` loops (see below about `for ... in/of`)
|
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* `break/continue`; also with labeled loops
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* `switch` statement (on numbers only)
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* `debugger` statement for breakpoints
|
||||
|
||||
### Expressions
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* conditional operator `? :`; lazy boolean operators
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* all arithmetic operators (including bitwise operators); note that in microcontroller targets
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all arithmetic is performed on integers, also when simulating in the browser
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* strings (with a few common methods)
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* [string templates](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Template_literals) (`` `x is ${x}` ``)
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* arrow functions `() => ...`
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* array literals `[1, 2, 3]`
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|
||||
|
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## Unsupported language features
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||||
|
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We generally stay away from the more dynamic parts of JavaScript.
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||||
Things you may miss and we may implement:
|
||||
|
||||
* exceptions (`throw`, `try ... catch`, `try ... finally`)
|
||||
* `for ... of` statements
|
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* object literals `{ foo: 1, bar: "two" }`
|
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* method-like properties (get/set accessors)
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* class inheritance
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||||
|
||||
If there is something you'd like to see, please file an issue at [GitHub](http://github.com/microsoft/pxt/issues).
|
25
docs/js/sequence.md
Normal file
25
docs/js/sequence.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
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## Sequencing commands
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By calling one function after another, you can create an animation:
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```typescript
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basic.showLeds(`
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. # . # .
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. . . . .
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. . # . .
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# . . . #
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. # # # .
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`)
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basic.showLeds(`
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. # . # .
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. . . . .
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. . . . .
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. # # # .
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# . . . #
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`)
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```
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## The Semicolon
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Coming soon...
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@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
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# Servo Write Pin
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Writes a value to the servo on to the specified [pin](/device/pins) (``P0``, ``P1``, ``P2``), controlling the shaft accordingly.
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Write a value to the servo on the specified [pin](/device/pins)
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and control the shaft.
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* on a standard servo, this will set the angle of the shaft (in degrees), moving the shaft to that orientation.
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* on a continuous rotation servo, this will set the speed of the servo (with 0 being full-speed in one direction, 180 being full speed in the other, and a value near 90 being no movement).
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This function will move the shaft of a standard servo to the specified
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angle, or set the speed of a continuous rotation servo. (`0` specifies
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full speed in one direction, `180` specifies full speed in the other,
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and approximately `90` specifies no movement.)
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```sig
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pins.servoWritePin(AnalogPin.P0, 180)
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@ -11,18 +14,18 @@ pins.servoWritePin(AnalogPin.P0, 180)
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### Parameters
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* `name` - [String](/reference/types/string); the pin name ("P0", "P1", or "P2")
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* `value` - a [Number](/reference/types/number) between 0 and 180 included
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* a [string](/reference/types/string) that specifies the pin name (`P0` through `P4`, or `P10`)
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* a [number](/reference/types/number) from `0` through `180`
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### Examples
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* setting the shaft angle to mid point on a servo
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#### Setting the shaft angle to midpoint on a servo
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```blocks
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pins.servoWritePin(AnalogPin.P0, 90)
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```
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* control the shaft by using the tilt information of the accelerometer
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#### Controlling the shaft by using the tilt information of the accelerometer
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```blocks
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basic.forever(() => {
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@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ basic.forever(() => {
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})
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```
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* setting the full speed on a continuous servo
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#### Setting the full speed on a continuous servo
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```blocks
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pins.servoWritePin(AnalogPin.P0, 0)
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@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
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{
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"name": "pxt-microbit",
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"version": "0.2.183",
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"version": "0.2.184",
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"description": "BBC micro:bit target for PXT",
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"keywords": [
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"JavaScript",
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|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user